Determination of phenolic compounds and diterpenes in roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza and Salvia przewalskii by two LC–MS tools: Multi-stage and high resolution tandem mass spectrometry with assessment of antioxidant capacity

Comparative phytochemical analyses of hydroalcoholic (50% EtOH) extracts from roots of S. miltiorrhiza (SM) and S. przewalskii (SP) were performed using two complementary LC–MS systems: the first system HPLC-DAD-MSⁿ an ion trap mass spectrometer and the second system consisted high resolution MS/MS Orbitrap mass spectrometer. The individual compounds were identified using a previously published approach via comparison of the exact molecular masses, mass spectra and retention times to those of standard compounds, online available databases and literature data. Moreover, the determination of antioxidative activities of extracts by DPPH and FRAP methods was carried out. Analysis allowed to identify 39 chemical compounds in extracts from both species. Extract from root of SP differs from SM in the presence of several metabolites such as: przewalskinic acid and their derivatives, przewaquinone C, przewaquinonate A, glycosides of rosmarinic acid, methyltanshinonate, whereas tanshinones, salvianolic acids and lithospermic acids occurred in both species. Moreover, it was shown that hydroalcoholic extract from roots of SM exerted stronger antioxidant properties in a FRAP test (max. 323.92 μM Fe²⁺/L) and in DPPH test (max. 78.64 nM TE) in comparison with SP extract.     

Aureonitols A and B,Two New C13‐Polyketides from Chaetomium globosum,an Endophytic Fungus in Salvia miltiorrhiza

Two new C₁₃‐polyketides, aureonitols A and B ( 1 and 2 ), along with five known compounds ( 3 – 7 ), were isolated from the solid fermentation culture of the plant endophytic fungus Chaetomium globosum from the aerial parts of Salvia miltiorrhiza. The structures and absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were determined by comprehensive spectroscopic data analysis and computed methods. Compound 5 was found to display the remarkable antimicrobial activities against four multidrug‐resistant bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis) with MIC values of 3.13–6.25 μg/mL (ciprofloxacin: 0.78–1.56 μg/mL), and also against all tested fungal strains with MIC values of 3.13–25 μg/mL (ketoconazole: 0.78–12.50 μg/mL).     

SmGGPPS2对丹参酮合成的影响

香叶基香叶基焦磷酸合酶(GGPPS)是植物二萜类次生代谢物合成过程中的重要调控位点。在药用模式植物丹参(Salvia miltiorrhiza)中, GGPPS基因家族成员SmGGPPS2的生物学功能及其在丹参酮有效成分合成过程中的作用尚不明确。分别在丹参植株中过表达和RNA干涉SmGGPPS2基因, 并对转基因丹参中丹参酮含量和丹参酮合成相关基因表达量 以及转基因植物生理指标进行检测, 结果表明, 过表达SmGGPPS2株系中的丹参酮IIA和铁锈醇等脂溶性成分含量高于野生型; RNA干涉SmGGPPS2株系中的丹参酮IIA和铁锈醇等脂溶性成分含量均低于野生型。调节表达SmGGPPS2后, 丹参株系中SmHMGR1和SmCPS1等多个关键酶基因的表达都呈现明显的变化。此外, 调节表达SmGGPPS2还影响丹参植株抗性。以上结果表明, SmGGPPS2在丹参酮等萜类物质的合成中起重要的调控作用。     

ESI-Q-TOF-MS直接进样法比较陕西五个不同地区丹参的化学成分差异（英文）

该研究采用ESI-Q-TOF-MS直接进样分析法对陕西商州、洛南、大荔、丹凤和铜川等五个地区丹参的化学成分进行了比较分析,通过丹参水溶性和脂溶性成分的质谱丰度差异评价了不同地区丹参化学成分含量的变化,对不同产地丹参的化学成分进行了鉴定,综合分析选出了最优的丹参种植产地。结果表明:五地丹参均含有丹参酮ⅡA、隐丹参酮、丹参酮Ⅰ、二氢丹参酮、丹参酚酮、次丹参醌、丹参醌Ⅱ等9种脂溶性化学成分和丹参素、咖啡酸、阿魏酸、迷迭香酸、原紫草酸、紫草酸、原儿茶醛、丹酚酸A、丹酚酸B等9种水溶性化学成分,其中丹参素钠、紫草酸、丹酚酸B和隐丹参酮的含量普遍较高,质谱丰度均大于30%。但是,随着种植环境不同,不同地区丹参的化学成分含量差异很大,如商州产丹参中含有较多具有生物活性的丹参酮类物质,其中丹参酮Ⅰ含量远远高于其他四个产地,质谱丰度达到72.6%,而其他地区丹参酮Ⅰ的质谱丰度为1.8%～11.3%。这表明丹参质量按照地区排序为商州>铜川>大荔>洛南>丹凤。该方法为中药药材质量评价提供了科学、可靠、便捷的途径,为药材规格等级的制定提供了新途径,为陕西丹参种植区域的选择提供了重要信息。     

ESI-Q-TOF-MS直接进样法比较陕西五个不同地区丹参的化学成分差异

该研究采用ESI-Q-TOF-MS直接进样分析法对陕西商州、洛南、大荔、丹凤和铜川等五个地区丹参的化学成分进行了比较分析,通过丹参水溶性和脂溶性成分的质谱丰度差异评价了不同地区丹参化学成分含量的变化,对不同产地丹参的化学成分进行了鉴定,综合分析选出了最优的丹参种植产地。结果表明:五地丹参均含有丹参酮ⅡA、隐丹参酮、丹参酮Ⅰ、二氢丹参酮、丹参酚酮、次丹参醌、丹参醌Ⅱ等9种脂溶性化学成分和丹参素、咖啡酸、阿魏酸、迷迭香酸、原紫草酸、紫草酸、原儿茶醛、丹酚酸A、丹酚酸B等9种水溶性化学成分,其中丹参素钠、紫草酸、丹酚酸B和隐丹参酮的含量普遍较高,质谱丰度均大于30%。但是,随着种植环境不同,不同地区丹参的化学成分含量差异很大,如商州产丹参中含有较多具有生物活性的丹参酮类物质,其中丹参酮Ⅰ含量远远高于其他四个产地,质谱丰度达到72.6%,而其他地区丹参酮Ⅰ的质谱丰度为1.8%～11.3%。这表明丹参质量按照地区排序为商州>铜川>大荔>洛南>丹凤。该方法为中药药材质量评价提供了科学、可靠、便捷的途径,为药材规格等级的制定提供了新途径,为陕西丹参种植区域的选择提供了重要信息。     

低分子肝素联合丹参注射液治疗急性心肌梗死的临床研究

目的:观察低分子肝素联合丹参注射液治疗急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死的临床疗效及安全性。方法:按照随机原则将78例急性心肌梗死患者分成两组,在常规溶栓治疗的基础上,其中对照组39人采用低分子肝素治疗,治疗组患者在对照组治疗的基础上给予丹参注射液治疗,对两组临床费用、住院时间和冠脉再通进行评价。结果:治疗组的临床费用、住院时间和冠脉再通与对照组相比,有统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:低分子肝素联合丹参注射液治疗急性心肌梗死的临床疗效确切,值得临床推广。     

放线菌Act12与腐植酸钾配施对丹参生长及其根域微生态的影响

探讨生防放线菌菌剂与腐植酸钾配施对丹参生长及其根域微生态的影响。以常规移栽处理为对照,研究小区试验中放线菌菌剂与腐植酸钾不同配施比例下对丹参生长、产量及抗根结线虫侵染的影响;并采用稀释平皿涂抹法测定丹参根区土壤、根表土壤、根外土壤及根系中细菌(B)、真菌(F)与放线菌(A)的数量,同时对优势细菌、真菌和放线菌进行了分子生物学鉴定,研究放线菌菌剂与腐植酸钾配施处理下丹参根域微生态变化。研究结果表明:1配施能增强菌剂对丹参的促生效果。菌剂与腐植酸钾配施T20处理丹参出苗率较对照提高8.7%,收获时的死亡率较对照减少39.0%;茎叶鲜质量、根鲜质量、单株根鲜质量、根干质量以及单株根干质量分别较对照增加6.1%、28.6%、11.1%、36.3%以及9.0%。2可以调整丹参植株根域土壤微生态平衡,降低有害微生物数量,增加有益微生物数量,改善微生物区系。在丹参根表土壤中,菌剂与腐植酸钾配施处理B/A值较对照降低78.4%,A/F值较对照增加95.0%。在丹参根系内,菌剂与腐植酸钾配施处理细菌数量较对照增加195.0%,未检测到真菌和放线菌存在。3在放线菌处理丹参根区、根表土壤中,有6株优势菌可能对丹参生长及抗病有益:3株优势细菌分别为硝基愈疮木胶节杆菌(Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus)、放射型根瘤菌(Rhizobium radiobacter)和弗雷德里克斯堡假单胞菌(Pseudomonas frederiksbergensis);3株优势放线菌分别为淀粉酶产色链霉菌(Streptomyces diastatochromogenes)、砖红链霉菌(S.lateritius)和卡伍尔链霉菌(S.cavourensis)。有2株优势菌疑为有害微生物:优势细菌为耐寒短杆菌(Brevibacterium frigoritolerans),优势放线菌为肿痂链霉菌(S.turgidiscabies)。这2种菌对其他作物的有害作用已有报道。4对丹参根结线虫侵染有强烈抑制作用,可使田间根结线虫侵染率降低49.3%。生防放线菌与腐植酸钾配施处理后能明显促进丹参生长,提高丹参产量及抗病虫能力,调节丹参根域微生态平衡。     

Non-random organization of the Biomphalaria glabrata genome in interphase Bge cells and the spatial repositioning of activated genes in cells co-cultured with Schistosomamansoni

Biomphalaria glabrata is a major intermediate host for the parasitic trematode Schistosoma mansoni, a causative agent of human schistosomiasis. To decipher the molecular basis of this host-parasite interaction, the Bge embryonic cell line provides a unique in vitro model system to assess whether interactions between the snail and parasite affect the cell and genome biology in either organism. The organization of the B. glabrata genome in Bge cells was studied using image analysis through positioning territories of differently sized chromosomes within cell nuclei. The snail chromosome territories are similar in morphology as well as in non-random radial positioning as those found in other derived protostome and deuterostome organisms. Specific monitoring of four gene loci, piwi, BgPrx, actin and ferritin, revealed non-random radial positioning of the genome. This indicates that specific parts of the snail genome reside in reproducible nuclear addresses. To determine whether exposure to parasite is reflected in genome organization, the interphase spatial positioning of genes was assessed after co-culturing Bge cells with either normal or irradiation attenuated miracidia for 30 min to 24 h. The loci of actin and ferritin, genes that are up-regulated in the snail when subjected to infection, were visualized by fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) and their radial nuclear positions i.e. their position in the interphase nucleus with respect to the nuclear edge/envelope, mapped. Interestingly, large scale gene repositioning correlated to temporal kinetics of gene expression levels in Bge cells co-cultured with normal miracidia while irradiated parasites failed to elicit similar gene expression or gene loci repositioning as demonstrated using the ferritin gene. This indicates that normal but not attenuated schistosomes provide stimuli that evoke host responses that are reflected in the host’s nuclear architecture. We believe that this is not only the first time that gene-repositioning studies have been attempted in a mollusc but also demonstrates a parasite influencing the interphase genome organization of its host.     

丹酚酸B对大鼠离体工作心脏血流动力学的影响

目的 研究丹酚酸B对离体大鼠工作心脏血流动力学的影响.方法 采用Langendorff离体心脏灌流的方法,以左室内压( LVSP)、左室舒末压(LVEDP)、室内压最大上升速率(+dp/dtmax)、室内压最大下降速率(- dp/dtmax)、心率(HR)等血流动力学参数为指标,观察丹酚酸B对心肌收缩性能的影响.结果 不同剂量(10、5、2.5 mg/L)的丹酚酸B可使LVSP、±dp/dtmax明显升高,同时使HR减慢,并呈剂量依赖性,但对LVEDP无明显作用.结论 丹酚酸B对离体工作心脏有剂量依赖性正性肌力作用.     

贵州鼠尾草化学成分的研究

从贵州鼠尾草95%乙醇提取物分离得到8个化合物,通过理化性质及波谱方法分别鉴定为正三十三烷(1),十二烷酸十四烷酯(2),β-谷甾醇(3),胡萝卜苷(4),乌苏酸(5),2 a,3β-二羟基乌苏酸(6),白桦酸(7)和迷迭香酸(8)。以上化合物均首次从该植物中分离得到。